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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(4): e0020, 2021. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288634

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O Lasik é a técnica de cirurgia refrativa mais utilizada no mundo. Apesar de segura e efetiva, ela pode levar a algumas complicações. O crescimento epitelial pós-Lasik é uma complicação pós-operatória incomum, com prevalência maior em casos de retratamento. Geralmente, é um achado não progressivo e assintomático, que não requer tratamento, mas, em uma minoria de pacientes, os sintomas podem ser clinicamente significantes e variados. O tratamento é feito com debridamento mecânico do crescimento epitelial, mas alguns recursos adjuvantes também podem ser utilizados. O presente estudo consiste em um relato de caso de paciente com crescimento epitelial pós-Lasik que apresentou quatro recidivas após intervenções de debridamento epitelial, sutura de lamela corneana e ablação a laser. No quinto procedimento, o paciente foi finalmente tratado com combinação de debridamento epitelial, uso de álcool a 20% e cola de fibrina. Entretanto, a regressão do crescimento epitelial e a melhora da acuidade visual só ocorreram ao longo dos meses após a intervenção, o que mostra a importância de esperar um tempo para que ocorra a melhora da visão no pós-operatório, evitando-se reintervenções.


ABSTRACT Lasik is the most often performed laser refractive surgery worldwide. Despite its efficacy and safety, some complications may occur. Epithelial ingrowth is a rare postoperative complication of Lasik, with an increased prevalence in cases of retreatment. Epithelial ingrowth is usually a nonprogressive and asymptomatic finding, which requires no treatment; however, in a minority of cases, symptoms may be clinically significant and diverse. Treatment is done with mechanical debridement of the affected interface, and additional interventions may be required. This study reported a case of recalcitrant epithelial ingrowth after Lasik, whichrelapsed four times after mechanical debridement, flap lift and laser ablation. In the fifth intervention, the patient was finally treated with a combined scraping/use of 20% alcohol and fibrin glue. However, regression of epithelial ingrowth and better visual acuity were only observed some months after the intervention, which shows the importance of waiting for better vision in the postoperative period, thus avoiding new reinterventions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Epithelium, Corneal/surgery , Epithelium, Corneal/pathology , Corneal Diseases/etiology , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ/adverse effects , Recurrence , Reoperation , Fibrin Tissue Adhesive , Combined Modality Therapy , Debridement , Ethanol/administration & dosage
2.
Rev. medica electron ; 41(2): 546-554, mar.-abr. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1004287

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se reportó el caso clínico de una fémina de 50 años de edad. Acudió a los Servicios de Oftalmología, del Hospital Provincial Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, de Matanzas. Refirió síntomas irritativos y disminución visual por el ojo izquierdo. El examen oftalmológico mostró en dicho ojo la presencia de lesiones esferoideas de color ámbar, conjuntivo corneales en periferia (horas 3-4 y 9). Se extendían en banda a la córnea central, algunas con aspecto nodular. En el ojo derecho presentaba lesiones similares pero localizadas mayoritariamente en la periferia corneal y conjuntiva horas 3 y 9. Con estos elementos se estableció diagnóstico clínico de degeneración esferoidea, enfermedad degenerativa corneal poco frecuente y generalmente asintomática siempre que no progrese y afecte la visión. Se aplicó como tratamiento una queratectomia superficial, manual, con colocación de una lente de contacto terapéutica en el ojo izquierdo, sin complicaciones. Hubo regresión de los síntomas irritativos y mejoría de la agudeza visual constatada en las consultas de seguimiento. Se recomendó la necesidad de protección solar al constituir las radiaciones ultravioletas un factor de riesgo de importancia en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad.


ABSTRACT The authors reported the case of a woman, aged 50 years, who assisted the Ophthalmology service of the Provincial Hospital "Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández", of Matanzas. She referred irritant symptoms and left eye visual decrease. The ophthalmologic examination showed the presence of amber-color spheroidal lesions, corneal conjunctives in periphery (3-4 and 9 hours) in that eye. They extended in bands to the central cornea, some of them with nodular aspect. There were similar lesions in the right eye, but they were located mainly corneal and peripheral conjunctive hours 3 and 9. With these elements it was established the clinical diagnosis of spheroidal degeneration, a few frequent corneal degenerative disease that is almost always asymptomatic if it does not progress and affects sight. As a treatment the patient underwent a manual, superficial keratectomy with location of therapeutic contact lens without complications. There it was a regression of the irritant symptoms and an improvement of the visual acuity stated in the follow-up consultations. The patients was recommended sun protection because ultraviolet rays are important risk factors in the development of this disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Corneal Diseases , Sun Protection Factor , Keratectomy/methods , Keratitis/surgery , Keratitis/diagnosis , Keratitis/therapy , Ophthalmic Solutions , Steroids , Contact Lenses , Corneal Diseases/surgery , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents
3.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(1): 78-84, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973874

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The transparency and maintenance of corneal epithelial integrity are essential for its optical properties and, to preserve these characteristics, the epithelium undergoes continuous renewal. This renewal depends on the control of cell proliferation and differentiation mediated by mitogenic factors responsible for increasing mitoses and stimulating cellular migration. Cell-cell communication plays a pivotal role in epithelial healing process, and several cytokines and growth factors are involved in this process. Understanding the cross-talk and paracrine effects of these cytokines and growth factors released can help in the search for new therapeutic strategies to treat ocular surface diseases.


RESUMO A transparência e a manutenção da integridade epitelial da córnea são essenciais para suas propriedades ópticas e, para preservar tais características, o epitélio sofre renovação contínua. Essa renovação depende do controle da proliferação e diferenciação celular mediadas por fatores mitogênicos responsáveis pelo aumento das mitoses e estímulo à migração celular. A comunicação célula-célula desempenha um papel fundamental no processo de cicatrização epitelial, e várias citocinas e fatores de crescimento estão envolvidos neste processo. Compreender os efeitos cruzados e paracrinos dessas citocinas e fatores de crescimento liberados pode ajudar na busca de novas estratégias terapêuticas para o tratamento de doenças da superfície ocular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Wound Healing/physiology , Epithelium, Corneal/physiology , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/therapeutic use , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Epithelium, Corneal/cytology , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/physiology , Cell Proliferation/physiology , Epithelial Cells/physiology , Fibroblasts/physiology
4.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 77(3): 149-152, May-June 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-959091

ABSTRACT

Resumo A degeneração marginal pelúcida (DMP) é uma ectasia corneana rara. Caracteriza-se por afinamento periférico, sem sinais inflamatórios, tipicamente inferior e bilateral, separado do limbo por área de espessura normal. Há protrusão da córnea acima da área de afinamento, resultando em elevado astigmatismo irregular. À topografia corneana, obtém-se a imagem característica, porém não patognomônica, em "asa de borboleta". Relata-se, nesse caso, um paciente com DMP superior - apresentação atípica da doença -destacando a importância da inclusão da DMP como hipótese diagnóstica nos casos de afinamentos corneanos periféricos não inflamatórios, que não comprometam apenas a região inferior da córnea.


Abstract Pellucid marginal corneal degeneration (PMCD) is a rare bilateral noninflammatory ectatic peripheral corneal disorder, usually involving the inferior portion of the cornea, separated from limbus by an area of normal corneal thickness. There is protrusion of the cornea above the thinning area, resulting in high irregular astigmatism. Corneal Topography shows the characteristic, but not pathognomonic, image of a "butterfly wing". A patient with superior PMCD - an atypical presentation of the disease - is presented, highlighting the importance of the inclusion of PMCD as a diagnostic hypothesis, in cases of non-inflammatory peripheral corneal thinning that does not compromise only the inferior corneal area.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Contact Lenses , Corneal Diseases/diagnosis , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Corneal Topography , Case Reports , Tomography , Visual Acuity , Cornea/diagnostic imaging , Corneal Pachymetry , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Keratoconus
5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 80(2): 131-136, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838789

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT In this systematic review, we evaluated studies involving adjuvant and primary topical treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). The findings were: (i) adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) reduces the risk of relapse after surgical excision with mild side effects [level Ib, grade of recommendation (GR) A]. (ii) Primary topical mitomycin (MMC) produces a high rate of complete response, low recurrence rate, and mild side effects (level Ib, GR A). (iii) Primary chemotherapy versus adjuvant chemotherapy produce similar rates of recurrence, with no significant difference (level IIb, GR B). (iv) Adjuvant 5-FU versus MMC showed no significant differences, with mild side effects in both groups and a better toxicity profile for MMC (level III, GR C). (v) Primary topical 5-FU versus MMC versus interferon (IFN) showed similar rates of tumor recurrence, mild side effects for all drugs, and more severe side effects in the 5-FU arm, followed successively by MMC and IFN (level III, GR C).


RESUMO Revisão sistemática envolvendo estudos sobre o tratamento adjuvante e tratamento tópico primário para a neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular. Os resultados foram: (i) 5-fluorouracil adjuvante reduziu o risco de recidiva após a excisão cirúrgica com efeitos colaterais leves (nível Ib, Grau de recomendação (GR) A). (ii) Mitomicina tópica primária produziu uma alta taxa de resposta completa, baixa taxa de recorrência e efeitos colaterais leves (nível Ib, GR A). (iii) Quimioterapia primária versus adjuvante produz taxas semelhantes de recorrência (nível IIb, GR B). (iv) 5- 5-FU versus mitomicina adjuvante não mostrou diferenças significativas nas taxas de recorrencia, com efeitos coalterais leves em ambos os grupos e melhor perfil de toxicidade para mitomicina (nível III, GR C). (v) 5- 5-FU tópico primário versus mitomicina ou interferon (INF) apresentam taxa similar de recorrência, com efeito colateral leve, mas com maior incidencia no braço 5- 5-FU, seguido pela Mitomicina e IFN (nível III, GR C).


Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Mitomycin/therapeutic use , Corneal Diseases/drug therapy , Eye Neoplasms/drug therapy , Fluorouracil/therapeutic use , Recurrence , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use , Administration, Topical , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods , Conjunctival Neoplasms/drug therapy , Conjunctival Neoplasms/therapy , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Eye Neoplasms/therapy , Interferon alpha-2 , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
6.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 75(5): 391-395, sept.-out. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-798072

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a segurança e eficácia de três técnicas distintas para o tratamento de neoplasia intraepitelial córneo-conjuntival. Métodos: Vinte e seis pacientes, 11 mulheres e 15 homens, com idade entre 32 e 88 anos (média 64,84 anos), atendidos entre 1999 e 2014, foram incluídos neste estudo. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à exérese da lesão com margem de segurança de 4mm e crioterapia a 2mm do limbo. Conforme o tratamento complementar, os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: Grupo 1 (8 olhos): recobrimento conjuntival e 2 ciclos de mitomicina C 0,02% (MMC) 4x/dia por 10 dias, com intervalo de 30 dias entre os ciclos. Grupo 2 (9 olhos): recobrimento com membrana amniótica e 3 ciclos de MMC 3x/dia por 10 dias, com intervalo de 10 dias entre o 1º e o 2º ciclo e 30 dias entre 2º e o 3º ciclo. Grupo 3 (9 olhos): recobrimento com membrana amniótica sem o uso de MMC. O acompanhamento dos pacientes variou de 3 meses a 14 anos (média: 4 anos). Resultados: Vinte e três pacientes apresentaram erradicação da lesão com um único tratamento. Três pacientes do Grupo 3 apresentaram recidiva da lesão após 3 meses, 6 meses e 1 ano do tratamento. Dois deles foram retratados pela técnica 1, sem nova recidiva após seguimento de 3 e 4 anos; o outro paciente foi submetido à enucleação. Não foram observados efeitos colaterais relacionados ao uso da mitomicina C durante o seguimento. Conclusão: Após exérese da lesão e crioterapia, os pacientes tratados com recobrimento conjuntival ou membrana amniótica associado à mitomicina C mostraram tendência a resultados mais eficazes.


ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of three different techniques for the treatment of conjunctival-corneal intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods: Twenty-six eyes of 26 patients, 11 women and 15 men were included in a nonrandomized, retrospective, observational case series. Mean patient age was 64 years (range, 32-88 years).All patients were treated from 1999 to 2014. Mean postoperative follow-up was 4 years (range, 3 months to 14 years). All patients underwent excision of the lesion with a 4-mm safety margin and a 2-mm from the limbus cryotherapy. As further treatment the patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 (8 eyes): conjunctival autograft and 2 cycles of mitomycin C 0.02% (MMC) eye drops, four times daily for 10 days with an interval of 30 days between cycles. Group 2 (9 eyes): amniotic membrane (AM) graft and 3 cycles of MMC eye drops, three times daily for 10 days with an interval of 10 days between the 1st and 2nd cycle and 30 days between the 2nd and 3rd cycle. Group 3 (9 eyes): AM graft without MMC eye drops. Results: After a single treatment, the lesions were eradicated in twenty-three patients. Recurrence was noted in three patients from Group 3 at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after treatment. Two of them were retreated by the technique used in Group 1 without further recurrence; the other patient underwent enucleation. No adverse effects related to the use of mitomycin C were observed during. There were no side effects related to the use of mitomycin C during follow-up. Conclusion: After surgical excision and cryotherapy, patients treated with conjunctival or amniotic membrane graft associated with mitomycin C, showed a tendency to more effective results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma in Situ/therapy , Mitomycin/therapeutic use , Cryotherapy , Conjunctival Neoplasms/therapy , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Amnion/transplantation , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Carcinoma in Situ/surgery , Carcinoma in Situ/pathology , Carcinoma in Situ/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Limbus Corneae , Combined Modality Therapy , Conjunctival Neoplasms/surgery , Conjunctival Neoplasms/pathology , Conjunctival Neoplasms/drug therapy , Corneal Diseases/surgery , Corneal Diseases/pathology , Corneal Diseases/drug therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
7.
Rev. Soc. Colomb. Oftalmol ; 48(3): 246-255, 2015. ilus. tab. graf.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-915239

ABSTRACT

El queratocono es una condición ectásica de la córnea, que se ha descrito desde hace muchos años, y en los últimos años ha despertado mucho interés por el desarrollo de la cirugía refractiva. Clásicamente se ha considerado como un proceso no inflamatorio y se disponen varias definiciones, considerando si es un desorden clínico, topográfico o biomecánico. Los nuevos enfoques de esta enfermedad, no sólo consideran los procesos conocidos relacionados con la posible patogenia, como la alergia ocular y el frote de los párpados, sino que además consideran que se puede tratar de un problema inflamatorio crónico, relacionados con los procesos de microtrauma corneal. En esta revisión se pretende hacer una exploración de estos conceptos y relacionarlos con los conceptos clásicos de la enfermedad.


Keratoconus is a corneal ectatic disorder that has been described several years ago, and in recent times has aroused much interest in it because the development of refractive surgery. It has traditionally been considered a noninflammatory process and various definitions are provided, considering whether it is a clinical, topographic or biomechanical approach. New approaches to this disease, not only considering the known processes related to the possible pathogenesis, such as allergy and eye rubbing of the eyelids, but also the theory that it can be related to a chronic inflammatory condition related to the processes of corneal microtrauma. This review is intended to make an exploration of these concepts and relate them to the classical concepts of disease.


Subject(s)
Keratoconus/epidemiology , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Eye Diseases/therapy , Keratoconus/therapy
8.
Rev. Soc. Colomb. Oftalmol ; 47(2): 145-149, 2014. ilus. graf.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-967906

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: reportar un caso de perforación corneana manejado con injerto-parche de esclera. Diseño: reporte de caso. Discusión: las perforaciones corneanas requieren tratamiento quirúrgico urgente para reducir las complicaciones. Contamos con varias opciones de acuerdo al tamaño de la perforación incluyendo adhesivo tisular, transplante de membrana amniótica y queratoplastia penetrante. El injerto-parche de esclera es otra alternativa útil para el tratamiento de esta condición. Conclusiones: describimos el caso de una perforación corneana secundaria a queratitis ulcerativa periférica (QPU) asociada a Síndrome de Sjögren que fue manejada con un aloinjerto de esclera.


Objective: to report a case in which scleral patch graft was used to treat a corneal perforation. Design: case report. Discussion: corneal perforations require urgent management to reduce subsequent ocular morbidity. Depending on its size and location, treatment options include corneal gluing, amniotic membrane transplantation and corneal transplantation. Scleral patch grafting is another feasible alternative for treating this condition.Conclusions: We described a case of scleral allograft use in the management of corneal perforation due to peripheral ulcerative keratitis associated with Sjögren's syndrome.


Subject(s)
Corneal Diseases/therapy , Scleral Diseases/therapy , Corneal Ulcer/therapy , Eye Diseases/therapy
9.
Rev. Soc. Colomb. Oftalmol ; 47(2): 150-160, 2014. tab. graf.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-967907

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: describir una nueva técnica quirúrgica para realizar queratoplastia lamelar profunda que facilita la disección de planos corneales a un espesor predeterminado, utilizando instrumental con el cual el cirujano de córnea está familiarizado. Métodos: se describe el caso de una paciente de 32 años con queratocono avanzado sin antecedente de hidrops, cicatrices estromales de la córnea o cirugía previa. Se realizó queratoplastia lamelar profunda en el ojo izquierdo inicialmente y tres meses después en el ojo derecho efectuando el procedimiento a profundidad conocida utilizando instrumental para implante de segmentos intraestromales Intacs® (Addition Technology, Inc., Fremont, CA). Se determinó un plano corneal con el disector de Melles (DORC®, Spijkenisse, Países Bajos) con posterior inyección de viscoelástico para su separación y realización del corte con trépanos de Barron (Katena products, inc. Denville, USA) para donante y receptor de un mismo diámetro (8mm) con sutura combinada con nylon 10-0 (Ethicon, Inc, San Angelo, USA). Resultados: se realizó seguimiento a 4 años con una AVSC de 20/150+1 OD y 20/80-1 OI. La mejor visión corregida lejana fué de 20/25 en OD y 20/20- en el OI. Conclusiones: la queratoplastia lamelar profunda asistida por tunelizador corneal promete ser una técnica segura que permite efectuar la disección a una profundidad planeada sin penetrar a cámara anterior. Se observaron excelentes resultados con una técnica amigable para el cirujano de córnea sin incrementar significativamente el tiempo quirúrgico y además, permitiendo obtener las ventajas al preservar el endotelio corneal con una técnica con cámara cerrada.


Purpose: to describe a new surgical technique for deep lamellar keratoplasty which facilitates corneal lamellar dissection to a predetermined thickness using instruments known by a corneal surgeon to implant Intacs intrastromal ring segments. Methods: We described a case of a 32 year old patient without history of hydrops, corneal stromal scars or previous corneal surgery. Deep lamellar keratoplasty was performed initially in the left eye and three months later in the right eye performing procedure in a known depth using Intacs® Prolate System (Addition Technology, Inc. Fremont, CA). Lamellar corneal dissection was performed with Melles dissector (DORC®, Spijkenisse Netherlands) and viscoelastic substance was injected to dissect planes. Trephination was performed with Barron-Hessburg corneal system (Katena products, inc. Denville, USA) with same size for donor and recipient (8mm) and sutured with a combined 10-0 Nylon suture technique (Ethicon, Inc, San Angelo, USA). Outcome: 4-years follow-up has show an UCVA of 20/150(+1) OD and 20/80(-1) OS. Best corrected distance vision of 20/25 OD and 20/208(-1) in OS were achieved. Conclusions: prolate system corneal assisted deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty promises to be a safe and novel technique allowing corneal dissection to a planned depth without anterior chamber penetration. Excellent results in a friendly technique to any corneal surgeon offers standard surgical time and the advantage to preserve recipient endothelium layer in a closed anterior chamber surgical technique.


Subject(s)
Corneal Transplantation/trends , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/trends , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Keratoconus/therapy
10.
MEAJO-Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology. 2013; 20 (1): 1-2
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-146685
11.
MEAJO-Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology. 2013; 20 (1): 5-10
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-146687

ABSTRACT

The human corneal surface epithelium is continuously repopulated by the limbal stem cells [LSCs]. Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency [LSCD] can lead to corneal opacity and vascularization, with consequent visual impairment or blindness. Many acquired and congenital diseases can lead to LCSD by direct injury to the LSCs, destruction of LSC niche, or both. Based on the severity of the disease, LSCD can present with various symptoms and signs. Although LSCD can be detected clinically, laboratory tests are necessary to confirm the diagnosis and monitor the disease progression. This article concisely reviews the clinical presentation, techniques for diagnosis and management of LSCD


Subject(s)
Humans , Congresses as Topic , Stem Cells/pathology , Epithelium, Corneal/pathology , Disease Management , Corneal Diseases/diagnosis , Corneal Diseases/therapy
12.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2012 Sept-Oct; 60(5): 423-427
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144894

ABSTRACT

Corneal diseases represent the second leading cause of blindness in most developing world countries. Worldwide, major investments in public health infrastructure and primary eye care services have built a strong foundation for preventing future corneal blindness. However, there are an estimated 4.9 million bilaterally corneal blind persons worldwide who could potentially have their sight restored through corneal transplantation. Traditionally, barriers to increased corneal transplantation have been daunting, with limited tissue availability and lack of trained corneal surgeons making widespread keratoplasty services cost prohibitive and logistically unfeasible. The ascendancy of cataract surgical rates and more robust eye care infrastructure of several Asian and African countries now provide a solid base from which to dramatically expand corneal transplantation rates. India emerges as a clear global priority as it has the world's largest corneal blind population and strong infrastructural readiness to rapidly scale its keratoplasty numbers. Technological modernization of the eye bank infrastructure must follow suit. Two key factors are the development of professional eye bank managers and the establishment of Hospital Cornea Recovery Programs. Recent adaptation of these modern eye banking models in India have led to corresponding high growth rates in the procurement of transplantable tissues, improved utilization rates, operating efficiency realization, and increased financial sustainability. The widespread adaptation of lamellar keratoplasty techniques also holds promise to improve corneal transplant success rates. The global ophthalmic community is now poised to scale up widespread access to corneal transplantation to meet the needs of the millions who are currently blind.


Subject(s)
Blindness/epidemiology , Blindness/prevention & control , Blindness/surgery , Blindness/therapy , Cataract/therapy , Cataract Extraction/methods , Corneal Diseases/epidemiology , Corneal Diseases/prevention & control , Corneal Diseases/surgery , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Eye Banks/organization & administration , Eye Banks/trends , Eye Banks/statistics & numerical data , Humans , India/epidemiology
13.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 75(3): 215-217, maio-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-644451

ABSTRACT

Descrição de nove casos de anestesia congênita de córnea, sendo que desses, seis apresentavam alterações sistêmicas associadas ao quadro ocular. Três pacientes realizaram eletroneuromiografia, um sem alteração ao exame e dois com alteração isolada do ramo oftálmico do nervo trigêmeo bilateralmente. Dois pacientes tinham acuidade visual inicial melhor que 20/60 no início da avaliação e seis tinham acuidade visual final melhor que 20/60 na última visita. Todos foram submetidos a algum tipo de tratamento cirúrgico e evoluíram com opacidades corneana de tamanho variável. O tratamento dos pacientes com anestesia congênita de córnea deve ser realizado o mais precoce possível e de forma rigorosa a fim de evitar danos à transparência corneana. Investigação sistêmica, acompanhamento de perto e preparação familiar para tratamento a longo prazo e multidisciplinar são necessários para preservar a saúde ocular.


Case series of nine patients with congenital corneal anesthesia, six of them showed systemic changes in association with the ocular status. Three patients were submitted to electromyography, two showed isolated bilateral ophthalmic ramus alteration. Two patients had initial visual acuity better than 20/60 and six had final best corrected visual acuity better than 20/60 at the last visit. All of them were treated surgically and developed cornea opacities of variable sizes. Treatment of corneal congenital anesthesia must be performed as soon as possible to avoid corneal opacification. Systemic investigation, close follow-up and preparing the family for longterm and multidisciplinary approach are crucial to maintain the ocular health.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Corneal Diseases/congenital , Pain Insensitivity, Congenital , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Pain Insensitivity, Congenital/therapy , Treatment Outcome
14.
Invest. clín ; 53(2): 205-217, jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664577

ABSTRACT

La córnea, el tejido transparente del ojo, está formada por un epitelio de cinco capas diferenciadas que está en continua renovación mediante una población de células madre limbocornéales ubicadas en su capa basal. Su actividad normal depende de una variedad de factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos, que de alterarse, pueden llevar a la pérdida parcial o total de las células progenitoras provocando la pérdida progresiva de la visión. Esta revisión pone de manifiesto la importancia de esta patología invalidante, constituyendo un gran problema de salud. Para tratarla se han desarrollado varias técnicas, siendo la más usada, históricamente, el trasplante de limbo mediante autoinjerto o aloinjerto acompañado de un tratamiento para inhibir la inflamación y la neovascularización. En la actualidad este procedimiento está siendo sustituido por las nuevas técnicas de ingeniería de tejidos, que tienen múltiples ventajas, como más seguridad, eficacia, eliminación de los riesgos de rechazo, disminución del tiempo de tratamiento y reducción de los costos. Usar las células limbales en cultivo ha hecho posible desarrollar técnicas cada vez más perfeccionadas y seguras, por lo que en la presente revisión se enfatiza en una de estas técnicas, la cual ha probado ser eficaz y ventajosa para obtener el epitelio de la córnea in vitro.


The cornea, the transparent tissue of the eye, is formed by an epithelium of five distinct layers that is in continual renewal through a population of limbocorneal stem cells located in the basal layer. Its normal activity depends on a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, that altered, can lead to partial or total loss of progenitor cells leading to a progressive loss of vision. This article reviews the importance of this crippling disease, constituting a major health problem. Several techniques have been developed, but the transplant of the limbus using autograft or allograft accompanied by a treatment to suppress inflammation and neovascularization is still the most widely used. At present, this procedure is being replaced by the new techniques of tissue engineering, which have multiple benefits, such as more safety, efficiency, elimination of the risks of rejection, decrease of time of treatment and lower costs. The use of limbal cells cultures has made possible to develop a more secure and refined technology. In this review we emphasize one of these techniques, which has proven to be very effective and advantageous to produce the epithelium of the cornea in vitro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Corneal Diseases , Limbus Corneae , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Syndrome
15.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 73(6): 541-547, nov.-dez. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-572223

ABSTRACT

Lesões na superfície ocular podem atingir as células-tronco do limbo e causar deficiência límbica. A deficiência límbica é caracterizada pela conjuntivalização, que pode ser definida como a invasão do epitélio conjuntival sobre a córnea. Este processo é acompanhado por graus variáveis de alterações corneanas, como neovascularização, inflamação, erosões recorrentes, defeitos epiteliais persistentes, destruição da membrana basal do epitélio e cicatrização estromal. Frequentemente, estas alterações estão associadas à diminuição da acuidade visual, fotofobia e desconforto ocular. O melhor tratamento para essa afecção não é conhecido e possibilidades variam em casos uni ou bilaterais. Entre os tratamentos disponíveis, o transplante de limbo autólogo ou alógeno é um dos mais utilizados. Para melhorar os resultados dos transplantes alógenos, alguns pesquisadores utilizam o transplante de epitélio da córnea cultivado em laboratório pela expansão ex vivo de células-tronco epiteliais límbicas. Mas devido à limitada disponibilidade de tecido autólogo do limbo e o risco de complicações associadas à imunossupressão em transplante de tecido alógeno, pesquisas de outras opções de células-tronco cultivadas ex vivo têm sido descritas em fase experimental e clínica. Essa revisão descreve os novos tipos de células-tronco cultivadas ex vivo, seus resultados atuais e potencialidades futuras.


Lesions on the ocular surface can destroy the stem cells from the limbus and cause limbal stem cell deficiency. The limbal stem cell deficiency is marked by conjunctivalization, which can be defined as the invasion of conjunctival epithelium over the cornea. This process is accompanied by varying degrees of corneal changes such as neovascularization, inflammation, recurrent erosions, persistent epithelial defects, destruction of basement membrane of epithelium and stromal healing. Often, these changes are associated with poor visual acuity, photophobia and ocular discomfort. The best treatment for this disease is not known and varies in unilateral or bilateral cases. Among the treatments available, transplantation of limbal autograft or allograft is one of the most used. To improve the outcome of allotransplantation, some researchers use the transplantation of corneal epithelium cultured in the laboratory by ex vivo expansion of limbal stem cells, but due to limited availability of autologous tissue from the limbus and the risk of complications associated with immunosuppression in allogeneic tissue transplantation, researches of others options of stem cell cultured ex vivo have been described in experimental and clinical stage. This review describes the new types of stem cells cultured ex vivo, their current results and future potential.


Subject(s)
Humans , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Limbus Corneae/cytology , Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Cell Culture Techniques/methods , Epithelial Cells/transplantation
16.
Repert. med. cir ; 19(3): 215-219, 2010. ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-585625

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: describir el caso de un paciente con úlcera de Mooren bilateral en el Hospital de San José. Metodología: revisión y análisis de historia clínica. Resultados: paciente de 21 años sin antecedentes sistémicos, de ocupación carnicero, que consultó por ojo rojo, fotofobia y lagrimeo en ojo izquierdo y ardor en el derecho de dos días de evolución. Refería haber presentado seis episodios similares en los últimos seis meses. Al examen se encontró una úlcera corneana periférica en OD entre meridianos 9:00 y 11:00 y en el OI entre 1:00 y 6:00, de forma alargada, con borde anterior serpiginoso, levantado, infiltrado y socavado, y con compromiso parcial del epitelio. Se diagnosticó úlcera de Mooren bilateral, se inició tratamiento tópico con prednisona, ciclosporina, diclofenaco, lubricantes, inhibidor de la colagenasa y lente de contacto terapéutico. Se solicitaron exámenes paraclínicos y valoración por medicina interna, descartando enfermedad sistémica asociada. Después se solicitaron linfocitos totales, linfocitos CD2, CD4 y CD8, C3, C4, IgA total sérica, anticuerpos anticisticerco y coproscópico seriado. Conclusiones: por la rareza de esta entidad en nuestro medio y por interés académico presentamos este caso, cuyo diagnóstico fue clínico, haciendo énfasis en las características biomicroscoscópicas de esta patología.


Objective: to describe the case of one man with bilateral Mooren´s ulcer diagnosed at Hospital de San José. Methodology: review and analysis of clinical record. Results: the patient is a 21-year old man with no systemic antecedents, he is a butcher and presented with a 2-day history of: red eye, photophobia and increased tears on left eye and burn sensation in right eye. He refers six similar episodes in the last six months. Medical examination revealed peripheral corneal ulcers located between meridians 9:00 and 11:00 in the right eye and between 1:00 and 6:00 in the left eye; ulcers were: elongated, sinuous, elevated, infiltrative, excavated and partially compromised the overlying epithelium. Diagnosis was: bilateral Mooren´s ulcers. Treatment with topical prednisone, cyclosporine, diclofenac, lubricants, collagenase inhibitors and therapeutic contact lenses was initiated. Lab work-up and internal medicine consultation ruled out associated systemic disease. Further lab work-up including total lymphocyte, CD2, CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte count, determination of C3, C4, total serum IgA, and cysticercoids antibodies and serial stool examination was requested. Conclusions: we report this case for this condition rarely occurs in our setting and for being of academic interest. The diagnosis was clinical, and biological/ microscopic features of this condition are highlighted.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Corneal Ulcer/complications , Corneal Ulcer/diagnosis , Corneal Ulcer/therapy , Corneal Diseases/diagnosis , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Bacterial/therapy
17.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 73-77, 2010.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-171967

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation and excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) combined with amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for the treatment of band keratopathy (BK). METHODS: Eleven eyes in ten patients with BK received combined PTK (ablation zone of central 7.0-7.5 mm, depth of 50 microm), EDTA chelation (0.05 M, 3 minutes), and amniotic membrane transplantation using fibrin glue. Preand postoperative best corrected visual acuities, symptom changes, reepithelialization time, cosmesis, recurrence, and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Visual acuity improved in three eyes (27.3%) and did not change in eight eyes (72.7%). Symptoms improved in all patients, and the mean reepithelialization time was 10.6+/-5.3 days. The cosmetic results were good in eight eyes (72.7%) and were fair in three eyes (27.3%). During the mean follow-up period of 11.4+/-6.1 months (range, 6 to 23 months), no postoperative complications or recurrences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of EDTA chelation, PTK, and AMT is safe and effective for the treatment of band keratopathy.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Amnion/transplantation , Chelating Agents/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Edetic Acid/therapeutic use , Photorefractive Keratectomy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Visual Acuity
18.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 72(4): 462-466, July-Aug. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-528010

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do "cross-linking" corneano na ceratopatia bolhosa sintomática e seu impacto na acuidade visual, espessura corneana e sintomatologia dolorosa. MÉTODOS: Doze pacientes com ceratopatia bolhosa sintomática foram incluídos. Exame clínico com questionário específico para a pesquisa com escala de dor (escala visual analógica numérica), acuidade visual e mensuração da espessura corneana foi realizada pré "cross-linking" corneano, 7, 30 e 60 dias após. Em todos os pacientes o tratamento com UVA-crosslinking foi realizado após abrasão do epitélio corneano na lâmpada de fenda e instilação de solução de riboflavina 0,1 por cento a cada 5 minutos por 30 minutos. Após esse período o paciente foi submetido à exposição à luz ultravioleta A (UVA), utilizando riboflavina e anestesia tópica a cada 5 minutos por 30 minutos. O paciente utilizou colírios de ofloxacina 0,3 por cento e lágrima artificial até completa reepitelização. O teste de Friedman foi usado para comparar as médias das frequências da acuidade visual, sintomatologia dolorosa e espessura central da córnea. Os valores de "p" menor que 0,05 foram considerados como estatisticamente significantes. RESULTADOS: Doze olhos de 12 pacientes com erosões epiteliais recorrentes foram tratados. O tempo de seguimento foi de dois meses. Foi observada redução significante da dor (p<0,001). As medidas da espessura corneana e da acuidade visual não sofreram alterações estatisticamente significantes. CONCLUSÃO: Foi constatado o potencial de aplicação do "cross-linking" corneano no tratamento de pacientes com dor causada por ceratopatia bolhosa. É necessário maior seguimento para confirmar se os resultados podem ser reproduzidos em longo prazo.


PURPOSE: To evaluate the corneal cross-linking (CXL) effect on symptomatic bullous keratopathy, and its impact on the visual acuity, corneal thickness and pain symptomatology. METHODS: Twelve patients with symptomatic bullous keratophaty were included. A clinical examination with a specific questionnaire (pain scale - visual numeric analog scale), visual acuity, and corneal thickness measures was performed before corneal cross-linking and 7, 30 and 60 days after the procedure. In all patients, the treatment with the UVA-crosslinking was done after corneal abrasion on the slit-lamp and instillation of 0.1 percent riboflavin in saline for every five minutes, lasting 30 minutes. Subsequently, the patient underwent the UVA light exposure, using riboflavin and topical anesthesia, every five minutes lasting 30 minutes. The patient received 0.3 percent ofloxacine drops, and artificial tears until complete reepithelization. The Friedman test was used to compare the means of frequencies of visual acuity, pain symptoms and corneal thickness. A "p" value <0.05 was considered for rejecting the null hypothesis. RESULTS: Twelve eyes from 12 patients with recurrent epithelium erosions were treated. The mean follow-up was two months. Significant pain reduction was observed (p<0.001). Corneal thickness and visual acuity measurements presented with no significant difference. CONCLUSION: The potential use of cross-linking in the treatment of bullous keratopathy pain was proved to be likely. A longer follow-up to confirm whether these results can be reproduced in the long term is necessary.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Photosensitizing Agents/administration & dosage , Riboflavin/administration & dosage , Ultraviolet Rays , Corneal Topography , Cross-Linking Reagents , Follow-Up Studies , Pain Measurement , Treatment Outcome , Visual Acuity
19.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 71(6,supl.0): 19-22, nov.-dez. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-507469

ABSTRACT

As lentes de contato terapêuticas são úteis para o tratamento de uma série de doenças da superfície ocular. Suas principais finalidades são: reduzir a dor; proteger a córnea; facilitar e manter a cicatrização epitelial; restaurar a câmara anterior e liberar medicamentos na superfície ocular. Há uma variedade de tipos e materiais, sendo que a escolha depende da doença a ser tratada, tempo de uso e necessidades fisiológicas do olho doente. Doenças como a ceratopatia bolhosa, erosão recorrente do epitélio corneano, olho seco e defeitos epiteliais pós-operatórios, além de várias outras doenças que afetam a superfície ocular podem ser tratadas com a utilização das lentes de contato terapêuticas. Elas não devem ser utilizadas em processos infecciosos ou em pacientes que estão impossibilitados de retornar para acompanhamento regular. A adaptação, controle e manutenção adequados das lentes de contato terapêuticas são fundamentais para prevenir complicações, como: neovascularização corneana, conjuntivite papilar gigante ou ceratite infecciosa. O controle e manutenção foram facilitados com o advento das lentes de contato terapêuticas de silicone-hidrogel. Essas lentes permitem trocas menos freqüentes devido a sua maior oxigenação e, em casos selecionados, aceleram a reepitelização corneana.


Therapeutic contact lenses are useful in a variety of ocular surface diseases. Their main indications are: to relieve the pain; protect ocular surface; promote corneal healing and epithelial regeneration; seal a leaking corneal wound and deliver ophthalmic drugs on the ocular surface. There are several kinds of lens designs and materials, and their choice is dependent on the specific disease to be treated, the duration of treatment and the physiologic needs of the diseased cornea. Bullous keratopathy, recurrent epithelial erosion syndrome, dry eye and postoperative epithelial defects are amongst their indications. Therapeutic contact lenses should not be indicated in the presence of active infectious keratitis or when the patient is not compliant. Corneal neovascularization, giant papillary conjunctivitis and infectious keratitis are serious complications, which can be prevented by correctly fitting and maintaining the therapeutic contact lenses. Silicon-hydrogel therapeutic contact lenses, due to their higher oxygen permeability, allow extended wear schedules, decreasing the need for frequent lens replacement.


Subject(s)
Humans , Contact Lenses , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Oxygen/metabolism , Disinfection , Hydrogels , Permeability , Silicon
20.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 71(6,supl.0): 55-60, nov.-dez. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-507476

ABSTRACT

O líquido amniótico banha o feto durante a vida intra-uterina e está em contato permanente com a superfície ocular durante este importante período do desenvolvimento. Ele contém uma série de fatores de crescimento que podem ter diversos efeitos sobre o processo cicatricial. Estes fatores aceleram a recuperação da sensibilidade corneana e regeneração nervosa após procedimentos cerato-refrativos, além de controlar a formação de cicatriz e o equilíbrio da superfície ocular após sua aplicação tópica. Centenas de diferentes proteínas têm sido identificadas no líquido amniótico humano e o papel de cada uma continua desconhecido. Os resultados obtidos até o momento sobre a aplicação de líquido amniótico em doenças de superfície ocular sugerem uma terapia promissora. Pesquisas estão sendo realizadas para identificar os efeitos dos fatores específicos do líquido amniótico sobre a inflamação ocular. O objetivo desta revisão é relatar as propriedades e utilizações atuais do líquido amniótico, bem como apresentar os recentes estudos relacionados ao uso deste líquido e doenças da superfície ocular.


Amniotic fluid bathes the fetus during intrauterine life and is in permanent contact with the fetal ocular surface in this important period of development. It contains a series of growth factors that may have multiple effects on the wound healing process. These factors are thought to accelerate the recovery of corneal sensitivity and nerve regeneration after keratorefractive procedures, and also may control scar formation and balance the ocular surface after topical application. Hundreds of different proteins have been identified in the human amniotic fluid, and the role of each still not quite understood. The outcomes obtained so far with amniotic fluid application to ocular surface diseases suggest a promising therapy. Research is underway to identify the effects of specific factors of the amniotic fluid in ocular inflammation. The purpose of this review is to report the properties and current utilizations of amniotic fluid as well as to summarize the recent studies related to the use of this fluid for ocular surface diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amniotic Fluid , Conjunctival Diseases/therapy , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Administration, Topical , Amniotic Fluid/chemistry , Ophthalmic Solutions , Wound Healing
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